Did you reboot? Haven't tried Ubuntu 12.04 but on Ubuntu 13.10 I got this extract from the installer.
[2013-07-30 22:43:29,945] Starting VMware services:
Virtual machine monitor failed
Virtual machine communication interface done
VM communication interface socket family done
Blocking file system done
Virtual ethernet failed
VMware Authentication Daemon done
Granted I need to patch Ubuntu 13.10 so this output could be spurious. Nonetheless I now get this output from ps -A | grep vm
2708 ? 00:00:00 vmamqpd
2743 ? 00:00:00 vmware-usbarbit
3825 ? 00:00:00 vmware-vmblock-
3838 ? 00:00:00 vmnet-bridge
3846 ? 00:00:00 vmnet-netifup
3863 ? 00:00:00 vmnet-dhcpd
3866 ? 00:00:37 vmnet-natd
3868 ? 00:00:00 vmnet-netifup
3885 ? 00:00:00 vmnet-dhcpd
3914 ? 00:00:00 vmware-authdlau
4036 ? 00:00:00 vmware-wsx-serv
4043 ? 00:00:00 vmware-wsx-serv
4143 ? 01:30:27 vmware-vmx-debu
8137 ? 00:00:07 vmware-tray
10324 ? 00:00:20 vmware
10913 ? 00:00:00 vmware-unity-he
11516 ? 00:00:50 vmware-remotemk
13344 ? 00:00:00 vmware-rtc
The full installer log is attached.